Umbuzo wokuba ingaba iphepha a impahla engalukwanga kaninzi kuvela kwiingxoxo malunga namalaphu, isayensi yezinto, kunye nezicelo zoshishino. Ukuphendula lo mbuzo ngokubanzi, Kubalulekile ukuqonda iinkcazo kunye neempawu zephepha kunye namalaphu angalukwanga, uze uzithelekise ukuze ubone ukufana nokungafani kwazo.
Inkcazo kunye neempawu zePhepha
Iphepha libhityile, imathiriyeli esicaba eveliswe ngokucinezela kunye iintsinga ezifumileyo, ngokwesiqhelo i-cellulose pulp ethathwe emthini, iphepha elihlaziyiweyo, okanye ezinye izinto zefibrous, kwaye emva koko womisa. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukubhala, ushicilelo, ukupakishwa, kunye nezinye iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu eziphambili zephepha ziquka ukubhitya kwayo, ukuba bhetyebhetye, kunye namandla, eziphunyezwa ngokukhethwa ngononophelo kunye nokulungiswa kweefibers kunye nokongezwa kwezongezo zekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo.
Inkcazo kunye neempawu zeMilaphu eNgalukwanga
Amalaphu angalukwanga, kwelinye icala, zizinto ezilukiweyo ezenziwe ngemicu, imicu, okanye imisonto edityaniswe kunye ngezinye iindlela ngaphandle kokulukwa, ukunitha, okanye ukukrola. Ezi ndlela zokudibanisa zingabandakanya ukudibanisa ngomatshini (njengokuhlatywa inaliti okanye ukubhobhoza), ukudibanisa imichiza (usebenzisa izinto zokuncamathelisa okanye izinyibilikisi), ukudibanisa thermal (ukunyibilika kwemicu kunye), okanye indibaniselwano yobu buchule. Ii-nonwovens ziphawulwa ngolwakhiwo lwazo, ezinokuthi zifane okanye zahluke, kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukuveliswa kuluhlu olubanzi lobunzima, iintsimbi, kunye nokwenziwa.
Ukuthelekiswa kwePhepha kunye namalaphu angalukwanga
Xa kuthelekiswa nephepha kunye namalaphu angalukwanga, iiyantlukwano ezininzi eziphambili ziyavela:
- Iindlela zeMveliso: Iphepha liveliswa ngenkqubo yokubeka emanzi ebandakanya ukunqunyanyiswa kwemicu emanzini, kulandelwa kukubekwa kwabo kwiscreen kunye nokucofa kunye nokomisa okulandelayo. Amalaphu angalukwanga, nangona kunjalo, inokuveliswa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukomisa-ukubeka (ezifana ne-spunbonding okanye amakhadi), ukufakwa okumanzi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa, okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini.
- Iintlobo zeFayibha kunye neMithombo: Iphepha ngokwesiko lenziwa kwiintsinga zeselulosi eziphuma kwintlama yomthi, nangona iphepha elihlaziyiweyo kunye nezinye izinto ezinentsinga nazo zingasetyenziswa. Amalaphu angalukwanga angenziwa kuluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lweentsinga, kuquka imicu yendalo (ezifana nomqhaphu, uboya, okanye iflakisi), iintsinga zokwenziwa (njenge polyester, inayiloni, okanye polypropylene), kunye nemicu ehlaziyiweyo (njenge rayon okanye viscose).
- Ukuphela kokusetyenziswa kwezicelo: Iphepha lisetyenziselwa ukubhala, ushicilelo, ukupakishwa, kunye nezicelo ezifanayo apho ukubhitya kwayo, ukuba bhetyebhetye, yaye amandla aluncedo. Amalaphu angalukwanga, nangona kunjalo, unoluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezicelo, kuquka ukuhluzwa, iimveliso zonyango kunye nococeko, iinxalenye zeemoto, i-geotextiles, kunye nezinye ezininzi.
- Iiyantlukwano zeZakhiwo: Ngelixa iphepha ngokubanzi lincinci kwaye lisicaba kunye nesakhiwo esifanayo, amalaphu angalukwanga anokuba neentlobo ngeentlobo zezakhiwo kunye nokwenziwa, ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuvelisa kunye neentlobo zefayibha ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ngokusekelwe kolu thelekiso lungasentla, kunokugqitywa ukuba iphepha alikho a ilaphu elingalukwanga. Ngelixa zombini izixhobo zenziwe ngeentsinga kwaye zineemfano ezithile ngokobunzima bazo kunye nendalo ebhetyebhetye, ziyahluka kakhulu kwiindlela zabo zokuvelisa, iintlobo zefiber kunye nemithombo, ukusetyenziswa kokuphela kwezicelo, kunye neempawu zesakhiwo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kwephepha kunye namalaphu angalukwanga xa kujongwa ukusetyenziswa kwawo kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo zabathengi.
